Leading-Tone Seventh Chords

In macro analysis, leading-tone seventh chords are treated in the same manner as the vii° chord. The motion from either of them is represented with a dotted slur. As always, inversion numbers are included with the roman numerals. The following example illustrates prolongation of specific harmonies. To prolong means to lengthen the duration of a specific harmony through various musical devices. Many chorales have a harmonic rhythm of one chord per beat. In other forms of music, harmonies are often prolonged through measures of music, lasting for many beats.

Beethoven: Sonata no. 5 in C minor, op. 10, no. 1, m. 1-10